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Objective:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology is used to compare the advantages of insulin degludec (IDeg) as a basal insulin regimen compared with insulin glargine (IGlar) in the treatment of adult type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods:30 adult patients with T1DM admitted to Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from September 2019 to December 2020 were screened. According to the random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into two groups (insulin degludec group and insulin glargine group) at a ratio of 1∶1, respectively treated with IDeg, IGlar and aspartate insulin for 12 weeks. The main outcome measures were the coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CV), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR) and time below range (TBR). The secondary outcome measures were mean blood glucose (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose (SD), fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h BG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA 1c), means of daily differences (MOOD), and the frequency of hypoglycemic events. Results:At 12 weeks of treatment, the HbA 1c, FPG, 2 h BG, MBG, SD, CV and MAGE of insulin degludec group were lower than those of insulin glargine group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The TIR in the insulin degludec group was significantly higher than that in the insulin glargine group [73(63, 75)% vs 43(28, 63)%, P<0.001], and the TAR was lower than that in the glycerine group [25(17, 23)% vs 35(33, 64)%, P=0.003]. From the curve spectrum of blood glucose level of the two groups, the stability of blood glucose in the insulin degludec group was better than that in the insulin glargine group. After 12 weeks of treatment, 8 cases (8/15) in insulin degludec group had HbA 1c<7.0%, and 4 cases (4/15) in insulin glargine group had HbA 1c<7.0%, without statistically significant difference ( P=0.264). There were 7 cases (7/15) in the insulin degludec group and 1 case (1/15) in the insulin glargine group who achieved high quality blood glucose control, with statistically significant difference ( P=0.035). At the 12th week of outpatient follow-up, the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemic events in insulin degludec group was significantly lower than that in insulin glargine group (4/15 vs 11/15, P=0.027). Conclusions:Compared with insulin glargine, insulin degludec can achieve higher blood glucose compliance rate, lower blood glucose level and reduce blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and effect of benazepril treat with diabetic nephropathy on Plasma NO and ET-1. Methods 100 cases of DN patients were divided into two groups by random number table (50cases), group A with basic treatment, group B increased benazepril. Selected another 50 cases of simple diabetic patients as control group, observed the plasma NO (nitric oxide) and ET-1 (ET-1) levels changes of three groups,and compared the clinical efficacy. Results The levels of NO, ET-1 and Ang II in A group and B group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); the level of NO in B group was higher than that in group A, and the level of ET-1 and Ang II was lower than that of group A(P<0.05). The total effective rate of B group was 86.00％, which was significantly higher than that of control group 58.00％(P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical application benazepril treat with DN can effectively regulated plasma NO and ET-1 levels, protect the kidneys, and improve the therapeutic effect.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of jujuboside A on glomerular cell apoptosis in diabetic rats, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS SD rats were administered with streptozotocin 100 mg · kg-1 to estabilish the diabetic model. Diabetic SD rats received jujuboside A 10 and 20 mg · kg-1 daily for 4 weeks by lavage administration, respectively. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in the blood of each group was measured by fructosamine method. The morphological changes in glomerular cells were observed by PAS staining. Glomerular cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of cleaved caspase 9 and cleaved caspase 3 was detected by Western blotting. Trans?forming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS Compared with model group, jujuboside A 10 and 20 mg·kg-1 treatment significantly reduced the level of GHb in blood (mmol · L- 1: 10.9 ± 0.8 vs 17.5 ± 1.5, P<0.05; 7.6 ± 0.5 vs 17.5 ± 1.5, P<0.05), PAS positive score of glomerular cells (26.8 ± 3.2 vs 36.4 ± 3.8, P<0.05; 18.4 ± 2.1 vs 36.4 ± 3.8, P<0.05) and the apoptosis of glomerular cells〔(8.2±0.8)%vs (17.6±1.8)%, P<0.05;(5.1±0.5)%vs (17.6±1.8)%, P<0.05〕. Moreover, Bcl-2 protein expression in kidney tissues was elevated (P<0.05), whereas Bax (P<0.05), cleaved caspase 9 (P<0.05) and cleaved caspase 3 (P<0.05) protein expression and TGF-β1 mRNA (P<0.05) expression were reduced after jujuboside A administration. CONCLUSION Jujuboside A can prevent glomerular cell apoptosis in diabetic rats, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and TGF-β1 expression.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of alendronate combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis. Methods 80 patients with diabetic osteoporosis( DOP) treated by endocrinology were selected. They were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method. The patients in the control group were given alendronate sodium, and the patients in the observation group were given alendronate and atorvastatin at the same time. The bone mineral density ( BMD) of the forearm,lumbar vertebra,femoral neck and femoral trochanter Numeric rating scales( NRS score) were measured before and after treatment. Results Before treatment,the BMD in forearm,lumbar vertebra,femoral neck and femoral trochanter, and NRS score between the two groups had no statistically significant differences ( all P >0.05).Aftertreatment,theBMDofforearm[(0.64±0.10)g/cm2vs.(0.68±0.11)g/cm2,t=2.563]andlumbar vertebrae[(0. 82 ± 0. 28) g/cm2 vs. (0. 70 ± 0. 11) g/cm2,t =2. 448],femoral neck[(0. 71 ± 0. 09) g/cm2 vs. (0.66±0.05)g/cm2,t=3.002],femoraltrochanter[(0.76±0.14)g/cm2vs.(0.70±0.08)g/cm2,t=2.302] of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the NRS score[(1. 32 ± 0. 10) points vs. (2. 47 ± 0. 67)points]was lower than the control group(t=23. 651,P<0. 05). There were 2 cases of nausea,1 case of abdominal pain and 1 case of muscle pain in the observation group,and 1 case of nausea occurred in the control group,the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (χ2 =1. 478,P=0. 224). Conclusion Alendronate combined with atorvastatin can improve BMD,relieve pain in patients with DOP,and it is safe and worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of alendronate combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis. Methods 80 patients with diabetic osteoporosis( DOP) treated by endocrinology were selected. They were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method. The patients in the control group were given alendronate sodium, and the patients in the observation group were given alendronate and atorvastatin at the same time. The bone mineral density ( BMD) of the forearm,lumbar vertebra,femoral neck and femoral trochanter Numeric rating scales( NRS score) were measured before and after treatment. Results Before treatment,the BMD in forearm,lumbar vertebra,femoral neck and femoral trochanter, and NRS score between the two groups had no statistically significant differences ( all P >0.05).Aftertreatment,theBMDofforearm[(0.64±0.10)g/cm2vs.(0.68±0.11)g/cm2,t=2.563]andlumbar vertebrae[(0. 82 ± 0. 28) g/cm2 vs. (0. 70 ± 0. 11) g/cm2,t =2. 448],femoral neck[(0. 71 ± 0. 09) g/cm2 vs. (0.66±0.05)g/cm2,t=3.002],femoraltrochanter[(0.76±0.14)g/cm2vs.(0.70±0.08)g/cm2,t=2.302] of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the NRS score[(1. 32 ± 0. 10) points vs. (2. 47 ± 0. 67)points]was lower than the control group(t=23. 651,P<0. 05). There were 2 cases of nausea,1 case of abdominal pain and 1 case of muscle pain in the observation group,and 1 case of nausea occurred in the control group,the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (χ2 =1. 478,P=0. 224). Conclusion Alendronate combined with atorvastatin can improve BMD,relieve pain in patients with DOP,and it is safe and worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To investigate correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism, insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 115 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were selected as observation group.115 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes were selected in hospital at same period as control group.All patients received detection of vitamin D,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets. Correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets were analyzed.Results Fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the observation group were higher than the control group [(8.5 ±1.2)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±0.6)mmol/L,(13.4 ± 1.5)mmol/L vs (7.8 ±0.7)mmol/L,(8.7 ±1.1)% vs (5.6 ±0.5)%,(25.7 ±1.0)kg/m2 vs (22.3 ±0.4)kg/m2 , (5.6 ±0.7)mmol/L vs (4.5 ±0.4)mmol/L,(2.3 ±0.5)mmol/L vs (1.7 ±0.3)mmol/L,(3.5 ±0.6)mmol/L vs (2.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(3.6 ±0.5)vs (2.5 ±0.4),t =9.667,10.179,8.535,4.524,5.443,6.529,8.909,7.406, all P <0.05].High density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin,vitamin D in the observation group were lower than the control group [(1.0 ± 0.2)mmol/L vs (1.2 ±0.3)mmol/L,(5.2 ±1.3)vs (8.4 ±1.6),(135.8 ±11.7)vs (194.3 ±19.2),(4.1 ± 0.9)IU /mL vs (10.8 ±0.6)IU /mL,(10.8 ±2.1)ng/L vs (27.4 ±3.8)ng/L,t =5.087,9.153,7.370,10.414, 18.371,all P <0.05].Vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein choles-terol,insulin resistance index(r =-0.537,-0.512,-0.469,-0.387,-0.325,-0.316,-0.372,-0.457,all P <0.05).Vitamin D were significantly positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin(r =0.351,0.418,0.674,0.316,all P <0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes may be involved in glucose -lipid metabolism and insulin resistance,but also may be one of the reasons leading to decreasing of early secretory function of pancreatic βcells.
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Aim To investigate the behavioral changes of the pain related neuromodulation and neurotransmission in peripheral and central nervous systems in rats with trigeminal neuralgia (TN)and provide a disease relevant animal model for mecha-nism study of TN.Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and TN surgical group.The latter group was further divided into model group and gabapentin group (100 mg · kg-1 ). TN was induced by intravenous erythrosine B injection and laser irradiation.The pain behavior of rats was evaluated using mechanical pain threshold measured with Von Frey hairs.Fluorescence quantitative PCR technique was deployed to study the change of Tac1 mRNA expressions in trigeminal ganglia.Utilizing microdialysis technique followed by high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD),the extracellular striatum fluid was collected and glutamate(Glu)concentration was determined.Results In the model group,the average mechanical pain threshold in facial ar-ea innervated by the trigeminal nerve remained below 4g after 7 days post surgery.The mechanical threshold of the model group (1.63 ±1.27)g was significantly lower (P<0.01)than the control group (24.17 ±4.49)g on day10 post surgery.In gen-eral,the mechanical withdraw threshold was decreased from the preoperative value of 26g to the postoperative value of (1.60 ± 1.74)g (P<0.01),and maintained stable at (0.71 ±1.24) g during the whole dynamic monitoring period from day7 to day60.The successful rate of this model was 63%.After sur-gery,Tac1 mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia and extracel-lular Glu levels in striatum were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05 ) in the model group. Animals receiving Gabapentin showed significant improvement in pain symptoms,as well as re-ductions of Tac1 mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia and ex-tracellular Glu concentration in striatum (P<0.05 ).Conclu-sions The above described photochemically induced TN rat model can partially mimic the clinical TN symptoms and its pathophysiology.Considering its overall high stability,it is very likely that this model could be used in preclinical mechanism study or drug screening of TN.
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Objective To study the relationship of the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with insulin resistance in normal glucose tolerant first-degree relatives (NGT) of type 2 diabetics.Methods A total of 218 normal glucose tolerance subjects , including 136 NGT of type 2 diabetes , and 82 normal control ( NC) without type 2 diabetes family history were enrolled.The levels of blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid, insulin, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured.Results ⑴Compared with NC, the levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP , and IL-6 in NGT were significantly increased [1.03~1.94 vs 0.42~0.95 , P <0.01;0.46~2.78 mg/L vs 0.39~1.56 mg/L, P <0.01;(13.6 ±8.99) pg/ml vs (8.08 ±3.67) pg/ml, P <0.01];⑵In NGT, hs-CRP was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and IL-6 ( r =0.326 , P <0.01;r =0.258 , P <0.05 );IL-6 was positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.350 , P <0.01).Conclusions IL-6 and CRP may correlate with the degree of insulin resistance in NGT of type 2 diabetics.
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Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.Methods MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μmol/L pioglitazone for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT, cell cycle and apoptosis were inspected with flow cytometry, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined via immuno-chemical staining. Results Survival of osteoblasts decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M stages increased, while the cells in S stage decreased significantly. The percentage of apoptosis at 5 and 10 μmol/L were lower than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05), While it was increased significantly at 30 and 40 μmol/L(P ＜0.01). Bax expression was attenuated at 10 μmol/L(P＜0. 01), returned to normal by 20 μmol/L, and was increased by 30 and 40 μmol/L(P ＜ 0. 01). Bcl-2 expression was enhanced at the dose ≤ 20 μmol/L(P ＜0.01). Positive correlation was found between the death rate and the expression intensity of Bax/Bcl-2(n = 15, r=0.796, P＜0.01). Conclusions Pioglitazone inhibits apoptosis of osteoblasts at low concentrations and protects the cells, but promotes their apoptosis at higher concentration, Bax/Bcl-2 may play an important role in mediating the piglitazone-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. It inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Ligusticam chuanxiong extract (CXE) on lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and investigate its underlyirig molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The lifespan assay was carried out on animals grouped into blank control group and CXE groups with concentration from low to high: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg x L(-1) by examining the effect of CXE on mean lifespan and maximum lifespan of C. elegans. According to the result of lifespan assay, we cultured the animals with the optimal concentration of CXE for 10 days, and tested the expression change of aging-related genes between the control and CXE group by realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control, 25, 50, 100 mg x L(-1) CXE all significantly extended the mean lifespan (15.7%, 9.1%, 6.2% respectively) and the maximum lifespan (15.0%, 6.8%, 6.6% respectively) of C. elegans. After treatment with 25 mg x L(-1) CXE the expression of hsp-70, skn-1 were obviously up-regulated while the expression of akt-2, tub-1 were significantly down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXE significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and the underlying molecular mechanism is related with genes of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and dietary restriction system.</p>
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Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans , Genetics , Physiology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation , Longevity , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression changes of age-related genes in different stages of aging and the regulating effects of Chuanxiong extract on it.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the different stages of aging, the experiments were tested at two time points of 2 d and 6 d. Using realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression change of aging-related genes among the groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the 2 d control group, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 were up-regulated in the 6 d control group (P < 0.05) while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 were down-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the 2 d administration group, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) in the 6 d administration group after treated with CXE while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the progress of aging, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 increased, functioning as aging-promoting genes; while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 decreased, functioning as longevity genes; CXE extended the lifespan through inhibiting the expression of these aging-promoting genes and increasing the expression of longevity genes, which would be the molecular mechaniSm of anti-aging of traditional Chinese medicine that can promote Qi and activate blood.</p>
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Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans , Genetics , Metabolism , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , LongevityABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship between the plasma biomarker proteins and the states of Zang-Fu organs in patients with phlegm or blood stagnation syndromes due to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) exon 4 gene and different syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Two hundred patients with CHD were divided into four groups according to syndrome differentiation, including syndrome of phlegm (PS), syndrome of blood stasis (BSS), syndrome of phlegm-blood stasis blocking (PBBS) and syndrome of non-phlegm and non-blood stasis (NPNBS). One hundred healthy volunteers were included in control group. Blood lipids were measured by routine examination. Total DNA of peripheral blood was extracted. ApoE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. All data were analyzed by SAS software. RESULTS: (1)The occurrence rate of epsilon4 allele of ApoE in patients with CHD was 19.5%, significantly higher than 9.5% in the control group (P<0.05), and the E 3/4 genotype was especially more frequent (P<0.01). (2) The levels of total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with epsilon4 were higher than those in patients without epsilon4 (P<0.01). (3) The frequencies of epsilon4 allele and E3/4 genotype in patients with PS were significantly higher than those in patients with BSS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ApoE epsilon4 allele, especially E3/4 genotype, is the risk factor of CHD. There is a relatively close relationship between patients with ApoE epsilon4 allele and PS. It may be one of the main susceptible genes in CHD patients with PS.
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Objective To investigate the preventive effect of complete Freund's adjuvant induced thymocyte apoptosis on NOD mice with type 1 diabetes.Methods Forty-two female NOD mice of 3 weeks old were randomly divided into complete Freund's adjuvant group(CFA)and phosphate buffer saline group(PBS)(21 each).Animals of CFA group received injection of 50?l CFA at hind foot-pad,and those in PBS group received 50?l PBS at the same location.Five mice of each group were sacrificed at the 6th and 12th week,respectively,and the remainders of each group were sacrificed at the 30th week for the examination of insular ? cell apoptosis,thymocytes apoptosis,insulitis severity and diabetes incidence.Results Both the insulitis severity score and the ? cell apoptosis declined(P
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0.05).Conclusion The SIS method not only can determine multiple index in Chinese materia medica(CMM)simultaneously,but also be simple and accurate.It will be a good quality evaluation pattern for CMM.
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273 chinese have been studied with high voltage electrophoresis and immumofixation to survey the polymorphism of the third component of human complement in Shaanxi Provice Two C_3 phenotypes were found in this population, they are C_3SS and C_3FS The frequencies of C_3SS and C_3FS are 98.53% and 1.47% respectively. The frequency of C_3S gene is 0.9926 and C_3F gene 0.0073. These results are similar to other studies in China and this group was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with Negro and Caucasian, the chinese population in Shaanxi Province has a significant difference in C_3 polymorphism.